Diesel and kerosene are commonly used fuels, but they have distinct characteristics that set them apart. From chemical composition and energy output to applications and storage, understanding these differences is vital in choosing the right fuel. Here are 15 factors that highlight the differences between the two.

Chemical Composition 

Diesel comprises hydrocarbons primarily derived from crude oil through distillation and refining. It has a higher density and contains more carbon molecules than kerosene, which is a lighter fuel with shorter carbon chains.

Flash Point 

The lowest temperature at which a fuel vaporizes to form a combustible mixture is called the flash point. Diesel has a higher flash point (125-180°F) compared to kerosene (100-162°F). This means diesel is less likely to ignite at lower temperatures, making it safer for storage and transportation.

Refining Process 

Both are derived from crude oil but go through different refining processes. Diesel is extracted through fractional distillation at higher temperatures, while kerosene is distilled at a lower temperature range. This variation in refining leads to their distinct characteristics and applications.

Energy Content 

In terms of British thermal units (BTUs), diesel delivers about 137,380 BTUs per gallon. Kerosene, by comparison, provides around 135,000 BTUs per gallon. Although the difference is small, diesel is a slightly more efficient fuel for applications requiring prolonged energy output.

Viscosity 

Viscosity refers to a liquid’s thickness and resistance to flow. Diesel flows slower on a slope compared to kerosene because it is more viscose, and this also makes it more lubricative. This characteristic benefits diesel engines, as it helps lubricate the fuel injection system and reduce wear and tear.

Cold Weather Performance

Kerosene has a relatively lower freezing point, making it less likely to gel in cold temperatures. While diesel can thicken and cause fuel line blockages in extreme cold, kerosene remains liquid, making it a preferred choice for outdoor heating and equipment operating in frigid conditions.

Applications 

Due to its high energy density and lubricative properties, diesel is predominantly used in diesel engines, trucks, buses, and industrial machinery. On the other hand, kerosene is often used in home heating, jet engines, lamps, and portable stoves; it is ideal for various smaller-scale applications.

Cost Differences  

Kerosene is typically more expensive than diesel due to its higher production costs and demand for specific applications. The price difference varies primarily based on location and availability, but kerosene’s refined properties generally make it a pricier option than diesel fuel.

Storage Stability 

Oxidation and microbial growth cause diesel fuel to degrade over time. Kerosene, in contrast, has a longer shelf life and remains stable for extended periods if stored properly. This stability makes kerosene a better option for long-term storage in emergency preparedness situations.

Environmental Impact 

There are higher emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter from diesel engines. Even so, modern diesel engines equipped with after-treatment systems can significantly reduce these emissions. Kerosene, while cleaner burning, can still produce harmful pollutants if not used in properly designed systems.

Lubrication Properties 

Diesel acts as a natural lubricant, aiding in the smooth operation of engines. Kerosene, being lighter, lacks these lubricative qualities and this makes it unsuitable for diesel engines without additives. Its lower lubrication can lead to increased wear on engine components if misused.

Fuel Efficiency 

Because of its higher energy density, diesel generally offers better fuel efficiency, especially in engine applications. Diesel engines convert more of the fuel’s potential energy into usable power compared to engines running on kerosene. This makes diesel the preferred choice for vehicles and heavy equipment.

Additive Requirements 

Additives are often necessary to prevent gelling and improve stability in diesel fuel, especially in cold climates. Kerosene, being more refined, generally does not need additives for regular use. However, some kerosene formulations may include additives to enhance combustion and reduce smoke.

Availability and Accessibility 

Due to its extensive use in transportation and machinery, diesel is widely available at gas stations and fuel depots. Kerosene, however, is not as readily accessible and is often sold in specialty stores or in bulk for home heating. Because of this, diesel is the more convenient choice for most consumers.

Safety Considerations 

Kerosene’s lower flash point and higher volatility make it more hazardous to handle than diesel. Diesel’s higher flash point means it’s less likely to ignite accidentally and this makes use and store safer. Both fuels require proper handling and storage to minimize risks, but diesel has a slight edge in safety.